Builtins

The compiler offers builtin constants and functions. Some are only available on certain targets. All builtins use the $$ name prefix.

Builtin constants

These constants are generated by the compiler and can safely be used by the user.

$$BENCHMARK_NAMES

An array of names of the benchmark functions.

$$BENCHMARK_FNS

An array of addresses to the benchmark functions.

$$DATE

The current date.

$$FILE

The current file name.

$$FILEPATH

The current file with path.

$$FUNC

The current function name, will return "" on the global level.

$$FUNCTION

The current function as an expression.

$$LINE

The current line as an integer.

$$LINE_RAW

Usually the same as $$LINE, but in case of a macro inclusion it returns the line in the macro rather than the line where the macro was included.

$$MODULE

The current module name.

$$TIME

The current time.

Compiler builtin functions

The $$ namespace defines compiler builtin functions. These special functions are not guaranteed to exist on all platforms, and are ways to wrap compiler implemented, optimized implementations of some particular functionality. They are mainly intended for standard library internal use. The standard library have macros that wrap these builtins, so they should normally not be used on their own.

$$trap

Emits a trap instruction.

$$unreachable

Inserts an “unreachable” annotation.

$$stacktrace

Returns the current “callstack” reference if available. OS and compiler dependent.

$$volatile_store

Takes a variable and a value and stores the value as a volatile store.

$$volatile_load

Takes a variable and returns the value using a volatile load.

$$memcpy

Builtin memcpy instruction.

$$memset

Builtin memset instruction.

$$prefetch

Prefetch a memory location.

$$sysclock

Access to the cycle counter register (or similar low latency clock) on supported architectures (e.g. RDTSC on x86), otherwise $$sysclock will yield 0.

$$syscall

Makes a syscall according to the platform convention on platforms where it is supported.

Math functions

Functions $$ceil, $$trunc, $$sin, $$cos, $$log, $$log2, $$log10, $$rint, $$round $$sqrt, $$roundeven, $$floor, $$sqrt, $$pow, $$exp, $$fma and $$fabs, $$copysign, $$round, $$nearbyint.

Can be applied to float vectors or numbers. Returns the same type.

Functions $$min, $$abs and $$max can be applied to any integer or float number or vector.

Function $pow_int takes a float or floating vector + an integer and returns the same type as the first parameter.

Saturated addition, subtraction and left shift for integers and integer vectors: $$sat_add, $$sat_shl, $$sat_sub.

Bit functions

$$fshl and $$fshr

Funnel shift left and right, takes either two integers or two integer vectors.

$$ctz, $$clz, $$bitreverse, $$bswap, $$popcount

Bit functions work on an integer or an integer vector.

Vector functions

$$reduce_add, $$reduce_mul, $$reduce_and, $$reduce_or, $$reduce_xor work on integer vectors.

$$reduce_fadd, $$reduce_fmul works on float vectors.

$$reduce_max, $$reduce_min works on any vector.

$$reverse reverses the values in any vector.

$$shufflevector rearranges the values of two vectors using a fixed mask into a resulting vector.